Cards became so commonly used for gambling that they were banned in 1791, during the Kansei era. Mechanically, Mekuri is similar to Chinese fishing games. It became so popular that Yomi Karuta was renamed Mekuri Karuta. Through the Meiwa, An'ei, and Tenmei eras (roughly 1764–1789), a game called Mekuri took the place of Yomi. These designs were initially called Yomi Karuta after the popular Poch-like game of Yomi which was known by the 1680s. This cat-and-mouse game between the government and rebellious gamblers resulted in the creation of increasingly abstract and minimalist regional patterns (地方札). Each time gambling with a card deck of a particular design became too popular, the government banned it, which then prompted the creation of a new design. During prohibition, gambling with cards remained highly popular which led to disguised card designs. In 1648, Tenshō Karuta were banned by the Tokugawa shogunate. After Japan closed off all contact with the Western world in 1633, foreign playing cards were banned. The main game was a trick-taking game intermediate in evolution between Triunfo and Ombre. The first Japanese-made decks made during the Tenshō period (1573–1592) mimicked Portuguese decks and are referred to as Tenshō Karuta. The Portuguese deck consisted of 48 cards, with four suits divided into 12 ranks. Playing cards were introduced to Japan by the Portuguese in the mid-16th century. Hanafuda is also played in Micronesia, where it is known as Hanahuda and is used to play a four-person game, which is often paired cross-table. In Hawaii, hanafuda is used to play Sakura. Hwatu is very commonly played in South Korea during special holidays such as Lunar New Year and Chuseok (추석). The most popular games are Go-stop (Korean: 고스톱) and Seotda (Korean: 섯다). In Korea, hanafuda are known as Hwatu ( Korean: 화투, Hanja: 花鬪, "battle of flowers") and made of plastic with a textured back side. Hanafuda are used to play a variety of games including Koi-Koi and Hachi-Hachi. The back side is usually plain, without a pattern or design of any kind, and traditionally coloured either red or black. On the face of each card is a depiction of plants, tanzaku (短冊), animals, birds, or man-made objects. They are typically smaller than Western playing cards, only 2 + 1⁄ 8 by 1 + 1⁄ 4 inches (5.4 by 3.2 cm), but thicker and stiffer. Hanafuda ( 花札, "flower cards") are a style of Japanese playing cards. A typical setup with hanafuda for playing Koi-Koi
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